Which of the following is NOT typically included in the marketing mix?

The marketing mix traditionally consists of the elements known as the "Four Ps": Product, Price, Place, and Promotion. These components directly relate to strategies that impact the overall marketing of a product or service.

In this context, "Product" refers to the goods or services offered to meet customer needs, "Promotion" involves the activities that communicate the value of the product to potential customers, and "Place" addresses how the product will be distributed to customers.

"People," while often associated with service marketing as an additional element in an expanded marketing mix, falls under the broader consideration of customer interaction and experience but is not one of the original elements like the Four Ps.

"Planning," on the other hand, does not represent a core element of the marketing mix. It encompasses the strategic and operational processes involved in executing marketing strategies but is not a tangible part of the mix that dictates how to create or promote a product. Therefore, identifying "Planning" as not typically included in the marketing mix aligns with the established framework of marketing principles.